Custom onion protocols are a totally different thing though. Also my ISP don’t fulfil 3.2 of that paper.
I would guess using an app that fills up unused bandwidth over vpn could create a pretty steady stream of data not too far off these flowlet data.
From my understanding this taranet would be kinda like a vpn, with an ingress endpoint and egress endpoint. If this all powerful ISP can watch both endpoints would it not be able to trace you outside of the taranet network?
We live in a society